A Van de Graaff generator is an electrostatic generator that uses a moving belt to accumulate charge on a hollow metal sphere, creating a high electric potential. The generator’s principle, construction, and working can be explained as follows:
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ConstructionA Van de Graaff generator consists of a rubber belt that moves over a pair of rollers, with a hollow metal sphere placed on an insulated stand around one of the rollers. The generator also has an electron emitter comb near the lower roller and a receiver comb near the upper roller.
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WorkingWhen the generator is turned on, the lower comb emits a positive charge that is transferred to the belt and then to the receiver comb. The charge accumulates on the sphere, which increases the potential on the sphere.
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PrincipleThe electrons repel each other and spread out on the surface of the sphere. When the potential of the sphere exceeds the breakdown value of air, the air around the sphere ionizes and the charge leaks. This produces high-energy particles.
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UsesThe high voltage produced by the generator can be used to accelerate positive ions for nuclear disintegration.
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