Graphite crystal model

Graphite is made up of layers of carbon atoms called graphene. The layers are separated by a distance of 0.335 nanometers. 

The carbon atoms in each layer are bonded to three other atoms, forming a honeycomb lattice. The bonds between layers are relatively weak van der Waals bonds. 

The layers can stack in two ways: hexagonal and rhombohedral. The hexagonal stacking is the most common and is thermodynamically stable. In hexagonal graphite, the carbon atoms in every other layer are superimposed over each other. 

Graphite has a strong covalent internal bond and high specific modulus and strength. However, it has poor properties in the transverse direction and a low shear modulus. 

Graphite is used in brake linings, gaskets, clutch materials, lubricants, carbon brushes for electric motors, fire retardants, and insulation and reinforcements products.